Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, incl

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable strength to safeguard delicate skin. This calming ingredient has long been employed in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective qualities. Forming a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmful radi